the mean free path of molecules is comparable to the size of the equipment.

Thus, a short path between the hot surface and the cold surface is necessary, typically by suspending a hot plate covered with a film of feed next to a cold plate with a line of sight in between. High Vacuum Short Path Distillation offers a number of benefits for processing superior cannabis concentrates.

Most of the column uses packing material for the vapor–liquid contacting because such packing has a lower pressure drop than distillation trays.

If the elements of your solution have distinct vapor pressures and boiling points, a basic distillation system might be all you need.

Boiling Points of materials are significantly reduced under vacuum (30oC rule) The partial pressure curves of different materials may indicate the application of vacuum will facilitate the separation process and purity of the distillate. A fractionating column allow separation of compounds with similar boiling points. This acts as a heat pump, concentrating the heat from the vapor and allowing for the heat to be returned and reused by the incoming untreated water source. Industrial-scale vacuum distillation[8] has several advantages. [20] The gaseous phase no longer exerts significant pressure on the substance to be evaporated, and consequently, the rate of evaporation no longer depends on pressure. This packing material can be either structured sheet metal or randomly dumped packing such as Raschig rings. The vacuum distillation column internals must provide good vapor–liquid contacting while, at the same time, maintaining a very low-pressure increase from the top of the column top to the bottom. Copenhagen-based Empirical Spirits,[15] a distillery founded by former Noma chefs,[16] uses the process to create uniquely flavoured spirits. Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils.

This is where an experienced distillation system designer is a big help; determining which trade-offs in method and equipment will result in the biggest savings overall. [10][11][12] The refining of crude oil begins with distilling the incoming crude oil in a so-called atmospheric distillation column operating at pressures slightly above atmospheric pressure.[8][10][11]. Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Small Scale Approach By Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz, Randall G. Engel. (2004).

The condensing of the water vapor prevents the water vapor from filling the vacuum chamber, and allows the effect to run continuously without a loss of vacuum pressure. Safety is an important consideration when glassware is under vacuum pressure.

Industrial-scale vacuum distillation has several advantages. To further distill the residual oil from the atmospheric distillation column, the distillation must be performed at absolute pressures as low as 10 to 40 mmHg / Torr (About 5% atmospheric pressure) so as to limit the operating temperature to less than 370 to 380 °C.

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